Cornetto

The encoding of adjectives in the
Dutch semantic database
CORNETTO
Isa Maks1
Piek Vossen1, 2,
Roxane Segers1
Hennie van der Vliet1
1:
2:
Faculty of Arts, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Irion Technologies, Delft
LREC, Marrakech 28-29-30 May 2008
Presentation Overview
The project Cornetto: overview
The semantic Database: Cornetto
The encoding of general language adjectives in Cornetto
problems and solutions
A possible strategy for disambiguating adjective senses with the
help of the Cornetto database and the ontology
LREC, Marrakech 28-29-30 May 2008
2
Project Cornetto
Financed by
NTU Dutch Language Union
STEVIN: Dutch Flemish Research Programme for Dutch Lanuage and
Speech Technology (2004-2011)
Consortium partners
VUA (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, General Linguistics Department)
UvA (University of Amsterdam, Informatics Institute)
K.U. Leuven (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Computer Science)
Irion Technologies BV Delft
Results
the Cornetto Database : a semantic database for Dutch
Lexical Acquisition Toolkit
Domain Acquisition Toolkit

LREC, Marrakech 28-29-30 May 2008
3
COmbinatorial Relational NEtwork voor Taal Toepassingen
Referentie
Bestand
Nederlands
English Wordnet
(PWN)
Dutch Wordnet
Align/Merge
1.
2.
SUMO (KIF)
Automatic Alignment
Manual Correction
Cornetto
Entry
-Lexical Unit
-Synset
-PWN-pointer
-SUMO term
Manual Correction
40.000 entries
generic and central part of the language
4
antonym
near-syn
5
Combining existing resources


Automatic Alignment LUs and Synsets
Manual Correction of most frequent entries
-
Adding missing senses
Correcting conflicts
Editing synsets

Linking to SUMO, PWN
-
LREC, Marrakech 28-29-30 May 2008
6
Adjectives-problems

Adjectives in general
what is the real meaning of an adjective?
a warm coat , warm water

DWN adjective synsets not corrected
manually
large fuzzy synsets
bad alignment with English Wordnet
bad alignment with SUMO

SUMO not tested for adjective concepts
the alignment between SUMO and the PWN adjectives is corrected manually only for few
cases - > the ontology is not complete
LREC, Marrakech 28-29-30 May 2008
7
Adjectives-solution

Using an existing classification for
Adjectives (Hundsnurscher & Splett, 1982)


coverage of 500 most frequent adjectives
descriptional framework for all adjectives in German
lexicographic approach
used (and tested) in Germanet

Merging with SUMO

coverage of all general language concepts
rich hierarchy
axioms
formal definitions





LREC, Marrakech 28-29-30 May 2008
8
Merging H&S and SUMO
H&S
SUMO
perception-related
PerceptionalAttribute
material-related
PhysicalAttribute
body-related
++
material-related
spirit-related
++
TextureAttribute
character/behaviour
TraitAttribute
mood-related
EmotionalState
relational
RelationalAttribute
GravityAttribute
evaluative
NormativeAttribute
..
temporality-related
++
social-related
RelationalAttribute
SaturationAttribute
ConsistencyAttribute
PurityAttribute
LREC, Marrakech 28-29-30 May 2008
9
SUMO’s Attribute hierarchy
10
11
SubjectiveAssessmentAttribute
SUMO
most PWN adjectives -> SubjectiveAssessmentAttribute

he is a good cook, this is a complete failure
a friendly woman, a heavy bag

 OK
?
Cornetto
friendly
heavy
good
TraitAttribute
GravityAttribute
PositiveEvaluationAttribute (subsumed by SubjectiveAssessmentA)
Ex.:
Sense 1:
Sense 2:
aardig (kind)
aardig (rather good)
een aardige man (a kind man)
een aardig boek (a nice book)
LREC, Marrakech 28-29-30 May 2008
TraitAttribute
PositiveEvaluationAttribute
12
‘Word sense Disambiguation’
Can we make use of the ontology to disambiguate between Emotionrelated and Temperature-related senses (of one word) ?
kil (1)
(chilly, cold)
een kille zomeravond (a chilly summer evening)

kil (2)
(chilly, unfriendly)
een kille moeder (a cold mother)
TemperatureAttribute
warm (1)
(warm, hot)
het water is nog warm (the water is still warm)

warm (2)
(cordial, warm)
een warme begroeting (a warm greeting)
TemperatureAttribute


TraitAttribute
TraitAttribute
LREC, Marrakech 28-29-30 May 2008
13
TraitAttribute
SUMO Term attributed to the Noun
chilly , unfriendly
kille blik (look)
FacialExpression
kille begroeting (greeting)
Greeting
kille reactie (reaction)
Expressing
kille vijandigheid (hostility)
ViolentContest
kille berekening (calculation)
Expressing
kille woede (anger)
EmotionalState
kille passie (passion)
EmotionalState
kille sfeer (atmosphere)
PsychologicalAttribute
warm, cordial
warme ontvangst (reception)
Greeting
warme steun (support)
Cooperating
warm applaus (applause)
Expressing
warm contact (contact)
Communication
uit een warm hart (heart)
EmotionalState
warme gevoelens (feelings)
PsychologicalAttribute
LREC,
Marrakech
28-29-30
May
Cornetto
Workshop,
VU, June,
7th2008
2007
14
SocialInteraction, PsychologicalAttribute
expressing
greeting
gesture
facialexpression
Communication
SocialInteraction
Cooperation
Contest
ViolentContest
EmotionalState
PsychologicalAttribute
CogniitiveAttribute
SocialInteraction (Noun) + TraitAttribute (ADJ)
PsychologicalAttribute (Noun) + TraitAttribute (ADJ)
LREC, Marrakech 28-29-30 May 2008
15
TemperatureAttribute
SUMO Term
chilly , cold
kille tocht (draught)
GasMotion
kille wind(wind)
Wind
kil marmer (marble)
Mineral
kille zomerdag(summer day)
Day
kille lucht (air)
Air
warm, hot
warme zomer (summer)
SeasonOfYear
warm water (water)
Water
warm koffie (coffee)
Food
warm eten (food)
Food
warme jas (coat)
Clothing
warme junimaand (month)
Month
warm sopje (soapsuds)
Water
LREC, Marrakech 28-29-30 May 2008
16
Substance, TimePeriod, GasMotion, ..
PureSubstance
CompoundSubs
tance
Water
Food
Beverage
Coffee
Substance
Mineral
GasMotion
Day
Wind
TimePeriod
SeasonOfYear
Month
Substance (Noun) + TemperatureAttribute (ADJ)
TimePeriod (Noun) + TemperatureAttribute (ADJ)
GasMotion (Noun) + TemperatureAttribute (ADJ)
LREC, Marrakech 28-29-30 May 2008
17
So..

If an adjective has 2 senses and 1 is related
to emotion and the other to temperature then
SocialInteraction (Noun) + TraitAttribute (ADJ)
PsychologicalAttribute (Noun) + TraitAttribute (ADJ)
Substance (Noun) + TemperatureAttribute (ADJ)
TimePeriod (Noun) + TemperatureAttribute (ADJ)
GasMotion (Noun) + TemperatureAttribute (ADJ)
LREC, Marrakech 28-29-30 May 2008
18
More Information

Cornetto project
http://www.let.vu.nl/onderzoek/projectsites/cornetto/start.htm

Cornetto Database:
Licensed from TST-centrale, Nederlandse Taalunie (by
September 2008) www.tst.inl.nl

SUMO
http://www.ontologyportal.org/
LREC, Marrakech 28-29-30 May 2008
19