Het Falende Hart in Beweging

advertisement
Het Falende Hart in Beweging Victor Niemeijer Sportarts, Elkerliek Ziekenhuis Helmond CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie Nederlandse Vereniging voor Hart en Vaat Verpleegkundigen Dinsdag 21 april 2015 Inhoud *  Pathofysiologie *  Fysieke Training *  Inspanningsdiagnostiek CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 2 Quiz Vraag Score Antwoord 1 2 3 4 5 6a 6b som CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 3 Verschil (abs) Vraag 1 *  Hoeveel procent van de patiënten met chronisch hartfalen is in Nederland vijf jaar na diagnose overleden? CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 4 Vraag 2 *  Hoeveel procent van de patiënten met chronisch hartfalen die een indicatie hebben voor hartrevalidatie krijgt dit in Nederland daadwerkelijk aangeboden? CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 5 Vraag 3 *  Hoeveel procent van de patiënten met chronisch hartfalen verbeteren hun peak VO2 (>109%) door fysieke training? CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 6 Vraag 4 *  Hoeveel procent van de patiënten met chronisch hartfalen valt gemiddeld uit tijdens een fysiek trainingsprogramma van 12 weken? CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 7 Vraag 5 *  Hoeveel hartslagen (/min) moet men bij inspanning verwijderd blijven van de VT-­‐zone van de ICD van een CHF patiënt? CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 8 Vraag 6 *  Vanaf welke waarde voor peak VO2 *  wordt een CHF patient geschikt geacht voor hartrevalidatie? (goed genoeg) *  wordt een CHF patient geschikt geacht voor harttransplantatie? (slecht genoeg) CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 9 Het Falende Hart in Beweging Epidemiologie CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 10 Epidemiologie CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 11 Het Falende Hart in Beweging Pathofysiologie CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 12 Pathofysiologie CHF *  “A pathophysiological state in which an abnormality of cardiac function is responsible for the failure of the heart to pump blood at a rate commensurate with the requirements of the metabolising tissues” (Braunwald, 1980) *  Etiologie * 
* 
* 
* 
Ischemische cardiomyopathie Dilaterende cardiomyopathie Hypertensieve cardiomyopathie Valvulaire cardiomyopathie CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 13 CHF
Cardiac Output (L/min)
30
20
10
0
30
20
10
0
200
150
150
SV (ml)
200
100
100
50
50
0
0
200
200
150
150
HF
HF
SV (ml)
Cardiac Output (l/min)
Gezond
100
100
50
50
0
0
CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 14 Pathofysiologie CHF *  Centraal * 
* 
* 
* 
* 
Afgenomen cardiac output (CO = SV X HR) Afgenomen LVEF (dilatatie) Coronair perfusie Sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) Systemische inflammatie CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 15 Pathofysiologie CHF *  Perifeer 538
Circ Heart Fail
July 2010
Fiber Type IIB (%)
*  Perifere vasoconstric.e (neurohormonaal) A
*  Skeletspieratrofie *  Shi$ vezeltype (I IIa/b) *  Calciummetabolisme *  Capillairen *  verminderde RBC flux 20
10
0
*  Compe..eve bloedstromen 0
16 Type I (%)
*  Ademhalingspieren vs locomotor spieren CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie r = -0.81
p<.01
60
40
10
15
20
25
Peak VO2 (ml/kg/min)
Pathofysiologie CHF 540
Circ Heart Fail
July 2010
*  Coordinated adaptation Pulmonary
Diffusion
Olympic
athlete
Cardiovascular
Delivery
Muscle
Extraction
Oxidative
Phosphorylation
Capacity
∆ flux
∆ capacity
+
+
+
+
0
++
++
++
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Untrained
person
Chronic
Lung
Disease
Chronic
Heart
Failure
CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie Figure 5. Coordinate
gen transport. Arrow
capacity; shaded arro
greatest limitation. Th
signs indicates the e
capacity on changing
flux. The athlete has
at all steps. The untr
ited by cardiovascula
cle extraction. The pa
lung disease is limite
fusion. In chronic HF
mal cardiac output le
tion of muscle oxyge
mitochondrial utilizati
Reference 6.
17 Exercise necessitates adequate oxygen transport and deliv-
atrophy and switch from oxidative to gly
Het Falende Hart in Beweging Fysieke training CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 18 Centrale effecten reverse remodelling CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 19 CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 20 Centrale effecten reverse remodelling ````
````
````
````
``` ``
``
``
` CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 21 Centrale effecten coronaire perfusie CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 22 CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 23 Perifere effecten skeletspierdoorbloeding CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 24 Perifere effecten skeletspiermetabolisme CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 25 Perifere effecten neurohormonaal Braith et al.
1173
Neurohormones in Heart Failure
1174
Braith et al.
Neurohormones in Heart Failure
NG II), aldosteatrial natriuretic
xercise training or
05 After training
t the neurohorexercise stress
h and disease.
Figure
3. Arginine vasopressin (top panel) and atrial natriuretic
Figure 2. Angiotensin II (top panel) and aldosterone
(bottom
sent study have
(bottom panel) concentrations drawn at rest in the
panel) concentrations drawn at rest in the standing peptide
posture (ANP)
for
merous
26 for age-matched healthy control subjects; heart
CNE experiHartfalen en Hartrevalidatie posture
age-matched
healthy control subjects; heart transplantstanding
recipients;
intralaboratory
transplant
heart failure patients before four months’ exercise training;
andrecipients; heart failure patients before four months’
exercise
training; and heart failure patients after four months’
heart
failure
patients
after
four
months’
exercise
training.
Data
are
ed by the con-
diac output would augment
diminish the primary stimulus
RAA system. Although we di
in the present study, results fro
ing studies in CHF patients
increased cardiac output. Sulliv
increase in VO2peak in patient
ejection fraction [LVEF] 24 !
exercise training, but there w
exercise stroke volume, cardi
exercise training studies in C
provements in VO2peak obse
exercise measurements of left
central hemodynamics. Rathe
the training response are attr
tions (41,42).
Study limitations. This study
size, relatively brief duration of
of outcome data. In addition,
ened by inclusion of either dire
indirect (plasma norepinephri
dexes of efferent sympathetic n
after 16 weeks. Finally, the C
study were carefully selected,
Fysieke training *  Inspanningscapaciteit *  Kwaliteit van leven *  Prognose CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 27 CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 28 CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 29 Fysieke training kwaliteit van leven HF-­‐ACTION (Flynn 2009 JAMA) CHANGE (Wielenga 2008 Heart Fail Rev) CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 30 Fysieke training prognose Training 3-­‐7x / week 8 weken – 1 jaar 60-­‐80% peak VO2 / HF Interventie: 88 overleden (mediane tijd tot event: 618 dagen) Controle: 105 overleden (mediane tijd tot event: 421 dagen) NNT: 17 (2 jaar) CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 31 Training 5x / week, na 3 maanden home-­‐
based 60% heart rate reserve, 3x30 min CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 32 Trainingsvormen *  Aerobe en interval training *  Krachttraining *  Inspiratory muscle training CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 33 Aerobe en interval training maakt intensiteit uit? *  HF-­‐ACTION (2009) *  Moderate Intensity Continuous Training (MIT of CT) *  Meyer (1996) *  Supra Hoog-­‐intensieve Interval Training (HIIT) *  Wisløff (2007) *  Aerobe Interval Training (AIT) CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 34 CT (HF-­‐ACTION) CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 35 HIIT (Meyer) Interval training in pa-ents with severe chronic heart failure: analysis and recommenda-ons for exercise procedures. MEYER, KATHARINA; SAMEK, LADISLAUS; SCHWAIBOLD, MATTHIAS; WESTBROOK, SAMUEL; HAJRIC, RAMIZ; BENEKE, RALPH; LEHMANN, MANFRED; ROSKAMM, HELMUT Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 29(3):306-­‐312, March 1997. CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 36 AIT (Wisløff) 100
%VO2 max afgeleid vermogen
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1
2
CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
Tijd (min)
37 AIT (Wisløff) CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 38 Hoe werkt AIT? CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 39 Hoe werkt AIT? Oxidatieve capaciteit CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 40 Hoe werkt AIT? Exitatie – Contractie Koppeling CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie Hoe werkt AIT? Hartspierfunctie CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 42 Hoe werkt AIT? Hartspierfunctie CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie Hoe werkt AIT? Hartspiermetabolisme CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 44 Vergelijking HIT CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 45 HIT vs beweegadvies CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 46 HIT vs MIT / CT CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 47 Krachttraining Downloaded from heart.bmj.com on 28 June 2009
J Appl Physiol
90: 2341–2350, 2001.
Randomized trial of progressive resistance training
to counteract the myopathy of chronic heart failure
A systematic review on the effects of
moderate-to-high intensity resistance training in
patients with chronic heart failure
CHARLES T. PU,1,2,3 MEREDITH T. JOHNSON,1,3 DANIEL E. FORMAN,3,4
JEFFREY M. HAUSDORFF,5 RONENN ROUBENOFF,1 MONA FOLDVARI,1
ROGER A. FIELDING,1,6 AND MARIA A. FIATARONE SINGH1,3,7
1
Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department
of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston 02111;
2
Brockton West Roxbury Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Division on Aging, Harvard Medical
School, Boston 02132; 3Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for Aged, Division on Aging, HarvardMartijn
Medical A Spruit, Rose-Miek Eterman,
and Nicole Uszko-Lencer
School, Boston 02131; 6Department of Health Sciences, Sargeant College of Health Rehabilitation
Sciences, and 4Department of Cardiology, Boston University, and 5Gerontology Division, Beth Israel
Deaconess Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; and 7School of Exercise and Sport Science,
Heart published online 1 Apr 2009;
University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia 2141
Valery Hellwig, Paul Janssen, Emiel Wouters
doi:10.1136/hrt.2008.159582
Received 25 April 2000; accepted in final form 10 January 2001
Downloaded from jap.physiology.org on November 24, 2010
Effect of Resistance Exercise on Skeletal
Muscle Myopathy inUpdated
Heart
information and services can be found at:
Transplant Recipients
Pu, Charles T., Meredith T. Johnson, Daniel E. For- population (35, 42). The clinical hallmark of the disman, Jeffrey M. Hausdorff, Ronenn Roubenoff, Mona ease is exercise intolerance, manifested as fatigue and
Foldvari, Roger A. Fielding, and Maria A. Fiatarone dyspnea during increasingly minimal activities (21).
Singh. Randomized trial of progressive resistance training
Mounting evidence suggests that peripheral
skeletal
http://heart.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/hrt.2008.159582v1
to counteract the myopathy of chronic heart failure. J Appl muscle abnormalities figure prominently in the exerPhysiol 90: 2341–2350, 2001.—Chronic heart failure (CHF)
cise intolerance associated with CHF (15–17, 26, 40,
is characterized by a skeletal muscle myopathy not optimally
53, 54), whereas central hemodynamic parameters,
addressed by current treatment paradigms or aerobic exercise. Sixteen older women with CHF were compared with 80 such as ejection fraction, are far less predictive of
clinical symptoms or mortality (34). These
PhD peripheral
MS
age-matched peers without CHF and randomized to progres-PhD
sive resistance training or control stretching exercises for 10 abnormalities include a skeletal muscle myopathy
by preferential loss and
wk. Women with CHF had significantly lower muscle characterized
PhD
MDatrophy of type I
PhD
strength (P , 0.0001) but comparable aerobic capacity to (slow, oxidative) fibers, decreased oxidative enzyme
women without CHF. Exercise training was well tolerated capacity and mitochondrial volume density,
early
actiMD
http://heart.bmj.com/cgi/eletter-submit/hrt.2008.159582v1
and resulted in no changes in resting cardiac indexes in CHF vation of glycolytic pathways of ATP generation during
patients. Strength improved by an average of 43.4 6 8.8% in work, and reduced muscle endurance, strength, power,
resistance trainers vs. 21.7 6 2.8% in controls (P 5 0.001), and overall exercise tolerance compared with healthy,
muscle endurance by 299 6 66% vs. 1 6 3% (P 5 0.001), and age-matched individuals (39). The selective loss of oxThe purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy provements in the training group for citrate cynthase
6-min walk distance by 49 6 14 m (13%) vs. 23 6 19 m (23%) idative fibers distinguishes this condition from type II
(P 5 of
0.03).
Increases in exercise
type I fiber in
areareversing
(9.5 6 16%) skeletal
and
("40%),
("10%),
resistance
fiber muscle
selectivitymyof muscle
atrophy 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase
common to aging
citrate synthase activity (35 6 21%) in skeletal muscle were
and disuseengensyndromes (29,
66) and dehydrogenase
suggests that a
and47,lactate
activity ("48%) were signifopathypredictive
in heartoftransplant
recipients.
Myopathy,
independently
improved 6-min
walk distance
different pathogenetic mechanism may be operative.
(r2 5 dered
0.78; P 5 0.0024).
High-intensity
progressiveand
resistance
greater
(p <0.05) than in the control group
by both
heart failure
immunosuppression
The degree of exerciseicantly
intolerance
in CHF correlates
training improves impaired skeletal muscle characteristics
with both mortality
and quality
of life and
(69, 70);
and overall
performance in is
older
with CHF. strongly
("10%,
#15%,
"20%, respectively). Oxidative
with exercise
glucocorticoids,
a women
post-transplant
complication.
These gains are largely explained by skeletal muscle and not yet current medical therapies often fail to specifically
type
1
MHC
isoform
The
sequelae
of
myopathic
disease
includes
fiber-type
address many of the potential mechanisms that under-concentration increased signifiresting cardiac adaptations.
Randy W. Braith,
, Peter M. Magyari,
, These
Gary include:
L. Pierce, ,
David G. Edwards,
, James
A.
Hill,
,
Lesley
J.
White,
,
You can respond to this article at:
Rapid responses
and Juan M. Aranda, Jr.,
Email alerting
service
Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article - sign up in the box at the
top right corner of the article
48 CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie Notes
HIT vs HIT + krachttraining CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 49 Ademhalingstraining *  Inspiratory muscle training *  Pi max *  < 70% Pi max predicted *  Training *  30 min/dag *  2-­‐3x/week *  20-­‐40% Pi max CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 50 Het Falende Hart in Beweging Inspanningsdiagnostiek CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 51 Spiro-­‐ergometrie bij CHF 1. 
Objectiveren inspanningsvermogen / aansturen training 2. 
Vaststellen eventuele contra-­‐indicaties voor training 3. 
Vaststellen aard beperking (co-­‐morbiditeit) 4. 
Evalueren prognose CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 52 Objectiveren inspanningsvermogen 1. 
Zwakke correlatie subjectieve beleving inspanningstolerantie en objectieve inspanningscapaciteit 2. 
Geen correlatie LVEF en objectieve inspanningscapaciteit 3. 
Maximale aërobe capaciteit bij CHF niet goed te voorspellen door maximale vermogen CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 53 1.  Zwakke correlatie subjectieve beleving inspanningstolerantie en objectieve inspanningscapaciteit (Wilson et al. Circulation 1995) CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 54 2. Geen correlatie LVEF en objectieve inspanningscapaciteit (Smith et al. Circulation 1993) V-HeFT I
LV-EF (%)
LV-EF (%)
V-HeFT II
Peak VO2 (ml/kg/min)
Peak VO2 (ml/kg/min)
CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 55 3. Maximale aërobe capaciteit bij CHF niet goed te voorspellen door maximale vermogen Gezond
1600
4000
1400
3500
1200
3000
1000
2500
VO2
VO 2
CHF
800
2000
1500
600
ΔVO2 / Δwork rate ratio: 10.1
ΔVO2 / Δwork rate ratio: 7.9
400
1000
500
200
0
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
120
CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 50
100
150
200
Workload
Workload
56 250
300
350
Objectiveren inspanningsvermogen *  Peak VO2 *  gemiddelde VO2 in laatste 20-­‐30 sec van een RAMP test *  Bij goed uitgevoerde test objectieve reproduceerbare maat voor het maximale inspanningsvermogen CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 57 Aansturen training 1. 
Percentage peak VO2 2. 
Percentage ventilatoire drempel CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 58 Hartfrequentie is vaak niet bruikbaar! 120
Hartfrequentie (bts/min)
110
100
90
Maximale inspanningstest RER max 1.25 80
70
60
Tijd
Position paper European Society Cardiology 2009:
CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 59 Meten van trainingseffecten -­‐ welke parameters? -­‐ Kemps et al. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010 CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 60 Specifieke aanbevelingen *  ICD *  20 slagen onder interventie zone (cave AFib) *  Schoudermobiliteit *  CRT *  Instellingen bij inspanning (positief complex V1) *  LVAD *  Pulsatile vs continuous flow *  Hart transplantatie *  Chronotrope incompetentie (denervatie) CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 61 Take home message *  Spier is ook ziek in CHF *  Krachttraining werkt echter slechts beperkt *  Individueel voorschrijven trainingsvorm *  Hoog intensief training is mogelijkheid *  HR alleen bruikbaar bij chronotrope competentie *  Cave ICD *  Spiro-­‐ergometrie is zinvol en sterk aanbevolen *  Richtlijn hartrevalidatie CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 62 Advies *  Meyer 2013 Current heart failure reports: *  “analogous to opamizing pharmacotherapy, combining and tailoring different exercise training modaliaes according to each paaent’s baseline exercise capacity, personal needs, preferences and goals seem the most judicious approach to exercise prescripaon” CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie Antwoorden Vraag Score Antwoord 1 2 3 4 5 6a 6b som CNE Hartfalen en Hartrevalidatie 64 Verschil (abs) 
Download